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As our technology advances each day, The more we get to answer questions that have boggled our minds such as is there really an earth-like existence to be found in Planet Mars? And here we have a physicist confirming that despite's Mars intelligent and fruitful alien life, It didn't got to escape a nuclear attack caused by another civilization that led to the planet's life to be wiped out.
JOHN BRANDENBERG said that two Martian civilizations known as the CYDONIANS and UTOPIANS were absolutely wiped out due to attack from an unidentified alien race. He further proved his claim by giving evidences such as the numerous nuclear isotopes on Mars' atmosphere is from the hydrogen bombs that Earth releases.
"THE HIGH CONCENTRATION OF XENON-129 ATMOSPHERE, THE EVIDENCE FROM KRYPTON-80 AND THE DETECTED PATTERN OF EXCESS ABUNDANCE OF URANIUM AND THORIUM ON MARS SURFACE, RELATIVE TO MARS METEORITES, FIRST SEEN BY THE RUSSIANS AND NOW CONFIRMED BY THE MARS ODYSSEY SPACECRAFT GAMMA RAY SPECTROMETER, MEAN THAT THE SURFACE OF MARS WAS APPARENTLY THE SITE OF MASSIVE RADIOLOGICAL EVENTS, WHICH CREATED LARGE AMOUNTS OF SIGNATURE ISOTOPES AND COVERED THE SURFACE WITH A THIN LAYER OF RADIOACTIVE DEBRIS ENRICHED IN CERTAIN ELEMENTS RELATIVE TO ITS SUBSURFACE ROCKS. THIS PATTERN OF PHENOMENON CAN BE EXPLAINED AS DUE TO TWO LARGE ANOMALOUS NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS ON MARS IN THE PAST." - JOHN BRANDENBERG
Brandenberg stands by his beliefs that there is indeed life on Mars and how it got vanished for years. The civilizations he pointed out as Cyndonians and Utopians is very reminiscent to the ancient Egyptians, only advanced in a way or two. The reason for those civilizations' vanishing was due to the area and land on Mars that was particularly fueled the fire for the other civilization to target and get rid of.
"THE EXISTENCE OF A DEAD HUMANOID CIVILISATION ON MARS IS COMPLETELY CONSISTENT WITH ITS APPARENT LONG-LIVED EARTHLIKE PAST CLIMATE AND THE PRINCIPLE OF MEDIOCRITY, THE IDEA THAT HUMANOID INTELLIGENCE IS NOT EXOTIC OR MIRACULOUS, BUT IS A NATURAL CONSEQUENCE OF ANY LONG LIVED EARTHLIKE BIOSPHERE. THIS MARTIAN CIVILISATION APPARENTLY PERISHED DUE TO A PLANET-WIDE CATASTROPHE OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN THAT CHANGED MARS CLIMATE FROM BEING EARTH-LIKE TO ITS PRESENT STATE IN A BRIEF PERIOD COMPARED TO GEOLOGIC TIME. HOWEVER, WHAT ENDED THIS CIVILISATION, WAS IT A MASSIVE NUCLEAR ATTACK?" - JOHN BRANDENBERG
Another reason for other civilization to get rid of other civilization is due to a belief that those civilizations poses as a big threat to older civilizations with their more advanced intelligent life. So it is quite normal for older civilizations to attack and wipeout their younger civilizations in hopes that they won't get replaced.
Source: faces-on-mars.blogspot.com
For decades, astronomers have used telescopes to describe the atmospheric conditions in a distant world. And mentions the fact that we bersukur has lived on this earth.
10. Serious Lightining (lightning worst)
NASA's Cassini spacecraft has seen an electrical storm larger than the continental United States electrical storm on Saturn, with flashes of lightning 1,000 times stronger than on Earth. A thunderstorm which stretches 2175 miles (3,500 kilometers) from north to south and emit radio noise similar to that dihasisilkan on earth.
9. Hot Crush (thermal destruction)
as the name implies,. Venus is the hottest place in our solar system. with a temperature of about 750 Kelvin and has a pressure 90 times on this earth will make every visitor will be destroyed (crush). Scientists say that this happens because of the excessive greenhouse effect of cloud cover sulfuric venus ceiling. then be a major greenhouse effect and cause this.
8. Methane Moon (Moon Methane)
Cassini Huygens spacecraft found evidence among the heavy rains of liquid methane that occurs in its Saturn "Titan". and perhaps in the "water" in the moon is also due to methane in Titan's cold temperatures (94 degrees Kelvin)-water will be locked up as ice.
7. Scarlet Rain (Red Rain)
In the summer of 2001, at least 50 tons of red particles fallen in Kerala, India continued for nearly two months with rain. It turns out this rusty red objects, including particles of dust storms and biological cells derived from extraterrestrial (a type of bacteria that mksdnya). In the April issue of the journal Astrophysics and Space Science, scientists from the Mahatma Gandhi University, reports that the particles have the appearance of biological cells, can reproduce at temperatures sizzle, and have nothing in common with dust particles.
6. Popsicle planet (planet ice}
Pluto is now considered the 9th planet in this solar system has the fact that the sun is in the can plto earth around 1:1000 compared to the year and cause the planet (?) is composed of ice consisting of frozen nitrogen, methane and carbon dioxide with temperatures ranging from minus 387 to minus 369 Fahrenheit (40-50 degrees Kelvin).
5. windy world (the wind)
Neptune was discovered in the roar of the wind blowing more and stronger there than on Earth, reaching 1,500 mph (2414 kph). Along with the rapid rotation of the planet (around 16 hours), causing convection heat-cold quickly and then also can affect the speed of the wind and creates the wind speed exceeds the speed of the earth
4. Freeze Frame (frame es)
Temperatures on Uranus can reach below minus 300 degrees Fahrenheit (89 Kelvin). Uranus has 17-hour rotation yet reached 84 years of the revolution that led to the season (extreme) would be a long time to change. Sometimes, it can be so cold that methane gases in the atmosphere condenses into clouds of methane crystals.
3. Close Encounter (collision biggest storm)
Two spots above the sphere of the planet Jupiter is a storm that was raging on the planet. of the size of the storm alone we can know. Which is called the great big red spo, t storm that is more than double the width of the Earth with 350-mph ((563 kph) winds and a small (storms) on call red.Jr. Although not completely understood, scientists think the red color correlated with the intensity of the storm-wind and then generating a chemical compound from under the clouds and lift them to high ultraviolet sianr dtambah resulting brick hue.
2. Dust Buster (dust buster)
Mars has been known to have flung dust storms that swept across parts of the march. This rust colored dust can be blown with a speed of 60-100 mph (97-161 kilometers) per hour, which lasts for weeks to months. Once started, this impenetrable fog can envelop more than half the planet, raising the temperature 30 degrees Celsius in parts of Mars
1. Iron rain (rain of iron)
so-called "failed stars", this is a brown dwarf planet newly discovered planets of our solar styled (one of three dwarf planets are published on tlah found that tablets of Gan: d), the color brown indicates that this planet has ferum elements (iron) which high (CMIIW). This planet has a storm like that are on jupiter and menghepaskan BSI "to its surface. brown dwarf is getting a cold from time to time, the gas molecules condense into liquid iron-iron clouds and rain. With further cooling, a large storm swept away the clouds, let the bright infrared light escaping into space.
Source: www.space.com
source: Toronto Traitby: Cathal KellyWE ARE Bordered BY DOZENS OF Fit for human habitation PLANETS. WE Reasonable CAN'T SEE THEM YET, ACCORDING TO A University.In his new book, How to Become a Fit for human habitation Humanity, geoscientist Jim Kasting suggests that the chances that each of the stars you see in the sky is being rotated by a planet able of pleasing life are rarely high.Kasting is the direct of NASA's Exoplanet Quest Film Rendition Group."I'm very buoyant. I gaze Earths are intimate," Kasting expected. "If you call any aspect type of solar star, the chances of finding an Earth-like planet are absolutely horrible... the opportunity (OF ANY STAR BEING ORBITED BY A HABITABLE PLANET) strength be everyplace in the midst of a tenth and a part."Let's put that into perspective. The flanking star to our solar system is Alpha Centauri. It's ended than four light years improbable. That's about 40 trillion kilometres.We don't as yet meet up if an Earth-like planet orbits Alpha Centauri seeing that we can't see effectively plenty. Stars are very unambiguous. Planets are very dim. One washes out the other.So this search starts out very rationally. Kasting's most basic checklist for habitable planets contains definitely two boxes.Acme, dowry is its assembly - it necessity be a rock, intend Earth, as hostile to gaseous, intend Jupiter. Treat, it necessity include the robust turn away from from its sun, so that any incipient life is neither baked nor inflexible."We gaze it with requests thick water... we don't meet up for sure that life requires thick water. We modestly meet up that all terrestrial life does," Kasting expected.The chances flourish if scientists are able to detect carbon dioxide, oxygen, ozone and gases intend methane or nitrous oxide which are bent by organisms - at smallest amount of as we nowadays set the limits of them. It stands to lawsuit that the planet hardship be about the same fatness as our own.The current methods of discovering planets cue on the stars they spin verbalize. The most intimate is Doppler spectroscopy - observing short shifts in the star's own spin and speed background to Earth caused by the gravitational force exerted by the indiscernible planet.Stopping at this honest gadget, scientists lug so far discovered about 400 planets peripheral our own solar system. Utmost of persons are invincible - the fatness of Jupiter or so - and shady for a stylishness of reasons to fit the territory bill.Motionless, we've made a number of recent strides in sighting methods. The development of creamy space-based telescopes increases the smartness of our catch sight of, and expands the astronomer's borer box."Being we in a minute assume... are telescopes called Ground Humanity Finders," expected Kasting. TPF's can work in the visible or infrared spectrum. A visible spectrum TPF apparently requires an boasting of 8 m, which is ended than three become old higher than the Hubble decline."The unacknowledged thing is to example at an area very close to to a unambiguous star, and stopover out the light so that you modestly see the light from the planet," Kasting expected.The best come near to, according to Kasting, is to foot two craft - one inhabited the decline, and the other comprised of a safeguard to stopover out light that floats at an angle trimming the first craft.The technology to foot such policy exists. But the sponsorship does not.In attendance is nowadays a decline in space take effect the originate crunching that strength take precedence TPFs. The Kepler decline has been in space for about a time probing for, in the midst of other matter, statistical evidence of Earth-like planets.Kepler is staring at one short foundation of the gaping Velvety Way, monitoring the cheerfully of 150,000 stars. If an Earth-sized planet passes in public image of any of persons stars, the nearly feathery dimming force be captured by Kepler. There's an tress of option complex, but what time that data is interpreted, Kasting's 10-50 per cent urbane arbiter force lug an empirical measure."There's lots of activity. Kepler's up dowry now. (DIVERSE, RECUPERATE SPACE DECLINE) SIM Lite possibly will be up dowry, if the astronomers misappropriate to kitty it in the appearance few years. And TPF - we ostensibly got started organization one of persons three or four years ago. Until the sponsorship ran out."Everyplace ARE WE NOW?"SIM is sitting in (NASA'S CALIFORNIA-BASED) Jet Propulsion Laboratory, half-finished... They've hypothetical the hardware. It possibly will be built very rapidly... If they got collaboration this time, they possibly will initiate it in about four years from now."SIM is truly hypothetical to search for Earth-sized planets.If Kasting's theories hold fruit, this strength allow an impartial new goal for deep-space exploration. But if TPFs are a ways off, that's a cut of an impartial opposing convey of get a ride."I'm a science fabrication fan, too. Almost certainly we'll get dowry someday. But that's well off into the greatly," Kasting expected. "I'm most inquisitive in what we can do now - which is example at these planets, and try to seem out if they're habitable, and as a result, if they're built-up."
The existence of alien life isn't a matter of "if", but "where". With the new research, finding of which distant planets host or can host life beyond Earth is now easier than decades ago. The so-called habitable zone of young planets have been discovered by scientists to be wider than previously imagined, making Earth-like planets more evident.
Astronomy professor Lisa Kaltenegger from Cornell's College of Arts and Sciences said that searching for new, inhabitable worlds is one of the most exciting activities human beings are currently doing, and finding infant Earth-like planets adds another piece to the puzzle. Kaltenegger explained that surprises in the search for planets like Earth make it so exciting. Astrophysical Journal Letters will publish a new study on the January 1, 2015 issue.
Habitable zones are planets that are not too hot and not too cold. They also have an indication of the presence of water, one of the essential ingredients of life to exist. Astronomers are now focusing on star-orbiting planets and hope to find some at their young age. Research associate at Cornell, Ramses M. Ramirez, said that next generation ground-based telescopes could make finding young stars less difficult because they are easier to recognize when the Habitable Zone is farther out.
Astronomers have already reached distance regions of the universe, but there are a lot of galaxies to cover. Billions of stars are estimated to exist in the universe, and it is a challenge for the researchers to determine which among them have signs of life, which involves a set of complex equations, intuition, and sometimes luck.
Determining the size of a planet and its distance from a star are just two of several techniques at astronomers' disposal for locating planets with conditions suitable for life. In a report by the Telegraph, scientists can find planets 3 to 5 times the mass of Earth as of the moment, but time will come in the near future that planets much smaller than Earth could also be observed.
According to an estimate by scientists, tens of billions of planets are candidates of supporting life in Milky Way alone. However, they don't believe that every Earth-like planet has alien life because other conditions should be met, such as the atmosphere should be just sufficient for life.
The post Infant Worlds Could Provide Clues To Alien Life In The Universe appeared first on Latest UFO Sightings.
Origin: discover-ghosts.blogspot.com
Is there an "Alien Base" on the Moon? More and more people are coming forward with stories that might prove this is true. Rumors say that there is an Alien Moon Base on the far side of the moon, the side we never see from Earth.Did you ever wonder why the Moon landings stopped and why we have not tried to build a Moon Base? It does seem like a better and easier idea than a floating space station with no access to any raw materials or supplies? According to the NASA Astronaut Neil Armstrong the aliens have a base on the Moon and told us in no uncertain terms to get off and stay off the Moon!
Sound far fetched? Milton Cooper, a Naval Intelligence Officer tells us that not only does the Alien Moon Base exist but the U.S. Naval Intelligence Community refers to the Alien Moon Base as "Luna," that there is a huge mining operation going on there, and that is where the aliens keep their huge mother ships while the trips to Earth are made in smaller "flying saucers".
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A planet of heaviness of the NEPTUNE, out of the solar system has telltale traces of water miasma in its impression, innovation it the token exoplanet regular to have a meal the wet substance yet, scientists say.
Many colossal Jupiter-size giants have a meal had the components of their impression examined, but homestead now, the atmospheres of smaller planets have a meal proved very ambiguous. In this very new survey, scientists bare traces of water on the Bizarre Planet HAT-P-11B, which orbits a faraway star 124 light-years from Rest in the constellation Cygnus.
"Marine is the most cosmically prolific molecule that we can straightforward keep under surveillance in the exoplanets, and we put money on it to be craze in the excellent atmospheres of planets at these temperatures," restriction scriptwriter Jonathan Fraine told in an email try-out. Fraine, who is a graduate pupil at the University of Maryland, worked before the puddle restriction by Drake Deming, excessively of University of the Maryland. [10 Bizarre PLANETS THAT Drive Take up Life]
"Detecting it is each a sign of our theories and revealing for the magnitude of the spectrum that we can keep under surveillance," Fraine told this to Spread.com.
As a planet passes, or transits, along with the Rest and its sun, it blocks light from the star. The dip in the light is how load exoplanets are first found. But these transits excessively consent the astronomers to survey the atmospheres of exoplanets. By observing the spectrum of the light that passes sooner than an exoplanet's impression, scientists can make a decision what it is in reality ready up of
The post Marine Cloud Begin on Neptune-Sized Exoplanet appeared first on UFO And Bizarre.
I have heard several times not only on the Coast to Coast Show but other sources that the UFO/alien say they are either from the planet Mars or Venus yet our Science on earth states these two planets can not sustain life. Some people think that aliens are coming from another dimension. I want to share some thoughts with you those who read my postings.
"I'm from Mars," said the aliens to the human! I'm not saying for sure but here might be an answer to this:
If the aliens have the abilities to time travel and yes eons of years ago their planet Mars, Venus did have life then this statement would be true they once lived on either Mars or Venus. I have read that when they say "I live on Mars and Venus" again they might be telling the truth. How can this be? Simple like earth which by the way in
What is the long-range weather forecast for the giant planets Uranus and Neptune? These planets are home to extreme winds blowing at speeds of over 1000 km/hour, hurricane-like storms as large around as Earth, immense weather systems that last for years and fast-flowing jet streams. Both planets feature similar climates, despite the fact that Uranus is tipped on its side with the pole facing the sun during winter. The winds on these planets have been observed on their outer surfaces; but to get a grasp of their weather systems, we need to have an idea of what is going on underneath. For instance, do the atmospheric patterns arise from deep down in the planet, or are they confined to shallower processes nearer the surface?
"
Image from the Voyager II flyby of Neptune in August 1989 (NASA). In the middle is the Great Dark Spot, accompanied by bright, white clouds that undergo rapid changes in appearance. To the south of the Great Dark Spot is the bright feature that Voyager scientists nicknamed "Scooter." Still farther south is the feature called "Dark Spot 2," which has a bright core. As each feature moves eastward at a different velocity, they are rarely aligned this way. Wind velocities near the equator are westward, reaching 1300 km/h, while those at higher latitudes are eastward, peaking at 900 km/h [Credit: Weizmann Institute of Science]"
New research at the Weizmann Institute of Science, the University of Arizona and Tel Aviv University, which was published online today in Nature, shows that the wind patterns seen on the surface can extend only so far down on these two worlds.
Understanding the atmospheric circulation is not simple for a planet without a solid surface, where Earth-style boundaries between solid, liquid and gas layers do not exist. Since the discovery of these strong atmospheric winds in the 1980s by the Voyager II spacecraft, the vertical extent of these winds has been a major puzzle -- one that influences our understanding of the physics governing the atmospheric dynamics and internal structure of these planets. But a team led by Dr. Yohai Kaspi of the Weizmann Institute's Environmental Sciences and Energy Research Department realized they had a way, based on a novel method for analyzing the gravitational field of the planets, to determine an upper limit for the thickness of the atmospheric layer.
Deviations in the distribution of mass in planets cause measurable fluctuations in the gravitational field. On Earth, for example, an airplane flying near a large mountain feels the slight extra gravitational pull of that mountain. Like Earth, the giant planets of the solar system are rapidly rotating bodies. In fact all of them rotate faster than Earth; the rotation periods of Uranus and Neptune are about 17 and 16 hours, respectively. Because of this rapid rotation, the winds swirl around regions of high and low pressure. (In a non-rotating body, flow would be from high to low pressure.) This enables researchers to deduce the relations between the distribution of pressure and density, and the planets' wind field. These physical principles enabled Kaspi and his co-authors to calculate, for the first time, the gravity signature of the wind patterns and thus create a wind-induced gravity map of these planets.
By computing the gravitational fields of a large range of ideal planet models -- ones with no wind, a task conducted by team member Dr. Ravit Helled of Tel Aviv University -- and comparing them with the observed gravitational fields, upper limits to the meteorological contribution to the gravitational fields were obtained. This enabled Kaspi's team, which included Profs. Adam Showman and Bill Hubbard of the University of Arizona, and Prof. Oded Aharonson of the Weizmann Institute, to show that the streams of gas observed in the atmosphere are limited to a "weather-layer" of no more than about 1000 km in depth, which makes up only a fraction of a percent of the mass of these planets.
Although no spacecraft missions to Uranus and Neptune are planned for the near future, Kaspi anticipates that the team's findings will be useful in the analysis of another set of atmospheric circulation patterns that will be closely observed soon: those of Jupiter. Kaspi, Helled and Hubbard are part of the science team of NASA's Juno spacecraft to Jupiter. Juno was launched in 2011; upon reaching Jupiter in 2016 it will provide very accurate measurements of the gravity field of this giant gaseous planet. Using the same methods as the present study, Kaspi anticipates that they will be able to obtain the same type of information they acquired for Uranus and Neptune: namely, placing constraints on the depth of the atmospheric dynamics of this planet.
Uranus and Neptune are the farthest planets in the solar system, and there are still many open questions regarding their formation and composition. This study has implications for revealing the mysteries of their deep, dark interiors, and may even provide information about how these planets were formed. Moreover, many of the extrasolar planets detected around other stars have been found to have similar masses to those of Uranus and Neptune, so this research will be important for understanding like-sized extrasolar planets, as well.
"Source: Weizmann Institute of Science [May 16, 2013]"
At determination two ways to search for extraterrestrial life. Now our solar tracking space probes to sitting room that may be sour for life (planet Mars, Saturn's moon Titan, Saturn's moon Enceladus and Jupiter's moon Europa ). The area covering our solar system it shall be gnarled past radio telescopes to detect radio waves, which potentially can be clandestine signals that undertake an shrewd permission. SETI is a project intended to a moment ago help to search for.Give to are signals which we primarily theory that shrewd extraterrestrial fountain were due to the very accurate timing. Progressive I scholar that these signals were from pulsars, a inbred phenomenon. In 1977 naked Wow signal was never explained and never over detected.Yet, we are also, by design or unexpectedly, findable for shrewd extraterrestrial life. The radio waves from the end of the 19th century to the determination day be post, support formerly achieved hang around other stars, who may also support habitable planets. Give to are also radio broadcasts support been special past our aim to sickening assured to any shrewd extraterrestrial life.Since to date no extraterrestrial life in our solar system was demonstrated, this ghost doubtless definite covering our solar system can be found. This ghost definite by means of radio telescopes and space viewers concerning sway around the Keep in may possibly authorization, because the enormous distances with the stars (in vocabulary of light energy ) a move to complementary star within a decent rank of time insurmountable. We were able past the speed of light to skull, subsequently an chase to the nearby star, Proxima Centauri, at a separation of 4.3 light energy, about 4.3 energy. If we shortage to try to puff to this ester past today'stechnology case past chemical propulsion, it ghost be a space root at a rate of, for indication 20 km / s is 63,000 energy to do so.
lunar truth
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Exotic
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NASA's Stereo spacecraft monitoring the Sun began registering huge spherical UFO's in the vicinity of the Sun around January 18, 2010. According to one observer, the UFOs "appear to be moving as they are in different positions on many [of the NASA Stereo] photos, and are huge possibly at least the size of Earth. If the UFOs were planets or some type of huge asteroid comets, they would already have been pulled into the Sun by the strong gravity the Sun produces as in the case of the recent comet."
Dr. Joe Gurman, NASA Stereo Project scientist states the giant solar UFOs are compression artifacts. Moreover, he states, the "'central data recorder' at DSN, that stores all the playback data from all the missions DSN supports, failed' on January 18, 2010, the date the solar UFO wave began, thus accounting for the images of giant UFOs (see full statement in the article below).
In a quantum physics solution to the mystery of the giant solar UFOs, physicist Nassim Haramein states in a video-taped analysis (below) that Earth-sized UFOs are in fact giant extraterrestrial or interdimensional spacecraft, which are accessing our solar system, using the Sun as a black-hole singularity, or star gate. Mr. Haramein contends that NASA Stereo data of giant solar UFOs prove that extraterrestrial civilizations access our solar system via a star gate on the Sun when using large (Earth-size) vehicle spacecraft.
source: UFODigest
by: Denise Chow
The recent discovery of Gliese 581g, an alien planet in the habitable zone of another star, has been an exciting development for scientists probing the galaxy for signs of extraterrestrial life. At least one claim of a possible signal from the planet has already surfaced - and been met with harsh skepticism among the science community.
"This artist's conception shows newly discovered planet Gliese 581g, which has a 37-day orbit right in the middle of the star's habitable zone. The Gliese 581 system and its host red dwarf star is only 20 light years from Earth."
Following the Sept. 29 announcement of the discovery of Gliese 581g, astronomer Ragbir Bhathal, a scientist at the University of Western Sydney, claimed to have detected a suspicious pulse of light nearly two years ago, that came from the same area of the galaxy as the location of Gliese 581g, according to the U.K.'s Daily Mail online. [Alien Planet Gliese581g: FAQ]
Bhathal is a member of the Australian chapter of SETI, a non-profit scientific organization that is dedicated to research, exploration and education in the field of astrobiology.
"Whenever there's a clear night, I go up to the observatory and do a run on some of the celestial objects," Bhathal told the Daily Mail. "Looking at one of these objects, we found this signal. We found this very sharp signal, sort of a laser lookalike thing which is the sort of thing we're looking for - a very sharp spike. And that is what we found."
Still, there are some scientists who are skeptical of Bhathal's assertion.
"I know the scientist, and when he first announced it, I asked him for the details, and he wouldn't send them to me," astronomer and SETI pioneer Frank Drake told SPACE.com. "I'm very suspicious."Drake is credited with conducting the first search for signals from extraterrestrial intelligences 50 years ago as part of what was then called Projectt Ozma. He coined the famed Drake Equation to calculate the number (N) of alien civilizations with whom we might be able to communicate.
Further study would perhaps confirm or deny the supposed observation, but Drake thinks that the claim is likely a dubious one.
STRANGE SIGNAL, OR PHANTOM?
Bhathal claimed to have detected the puzzling signal in Dec. 2008, almost two years before researchers announced the Gliese 581g finding, and long before it was announced that habitable planets were found orbiting the star Gliese 581 itself.
"I'm not aware of the location that was claimed for the source of that light, and [Bhathal] refused to tell me where it came from," Drake said. "I think it's very unlikely that it came from the direction of Gliese 581."
Gliese 581g is one of two new worlds that was discovered orbiting the red dwarf star Gliese 581, which is located about 20.5 light-years from Earth. In total, there is a family of six planets that has been found around Gliese 581. [Tour the six Gliese 581 planets.]
Steven Vogt, a professor of astronomy and astrophysics at the University of California, and his colleague Paul Butler of the Carnegie Institution of Washington announced the Gliese 581g finding in a press conference held by the National Science Foundation on Sept. 29.
ABOUT GLIESE 581G
While there are six planets known to orbit around the parent star, Gliese 581g is the only one in the so-called habitable zone - a region where liquid water can exist. Astronomers have long-thought that the presence of liquid water, which accompanies life on Earth, could be a major ingredient for life on other worlds.
Observations have shown that Gliese 581g is between three and four times the mass of Earth. While it is larger than our planet, it is still classified as a nearly Earth-sized world. Its radius is between 1.3 and two times the size of Earth, scientists have said.
The planet has not been officially named yet (nor have any other worlds in the Gliese 581 system). But Vogt has given it the nickname "Zarmina's World," in honor of his wife.
Formerly, the assumption about extraterrestrial life kind on the erdn"achsten outer space bodies: the Moon and the planets of our own solar system, particularly our two contiguous planets Mars and Venus. In tally, has longing been speculated that our solar system in the midst of its planets in the universe is a special case, or whether present-day are planets in the universe in big come about. Scientists comprise formerly succeeded in astronomy to detect exoplanets. Increase evidence of drain water comprise been (which is chiefly regarded as one of the provisos central for life) in our solar system, including on Jupiter's moon Europa, which gave take to new assumption about extraterrestrial life in our own solar system.Flat surface yet it is luxury budding than not that present-day are extraterrestrial strong life, it is understood that present-day is next of kin (to utterly) occasionally turgid in the universe. Highest high society now receive that epic set against amongst us and alien civilizations lie. In light of today firm to for the most part fortunate, mega the adherent approaches to search and contact potential:communication via radio energy, which can in superlative be carried over longing distances (but right in the midst of the rush of light),the space in the midst of manned or unmanned spacecraft or probesfuture technologies that we are slow not renowned.So far present-day is no deep evidence for the existence of aliens at all, let non-governmentally the touchable normal of extraterrestrials on Be given. The whole science focuses on the search for signs of (animal) life or its traces on meteorites, our contiguous planets and their moons, on the one hand, and to search for radio signals that may well strike from strong extraterrestrial life in alien solar systems.Either way, if is not found in the fast quarter (a few light vivacity) analogy club strong life, a spoken communication amongst us and the aliens hand down it would seem not renovate about in the role of the say grow old - at smallest for our human existence - too longing.2009 was conscious, on the shatter of the Worldwide Go out with of Astronomy, the Pontifical Further education college of Sciences in the midst of the search for extraterrestrial beings.
lunar truth
moon landing
Bizarre
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judgement day
This artist's impression shows the newfound potentially habitable alien planet HD40307g in the foreground. (Image from space.com by J. Pinfield, for the RoPACS network at the University of Hertfordshire)
Astronomers have discovered another potentially habitable planet - and it's at least seven times the mass of Earth. Dwarf star HD 40307g hosts a system of six planets, and one of those is believed have the potential to support human life.
The newfound exoplanet was discovered by a team of astronomers from the University of Hertfordshire and the University of Goettingen.
It's located a mere 44 light-years from Earth. And although that may seem like a far distance, it's actually just around the corner - cosmically speaking. It's so close that researchers say telescopes on Earth may be able to image it directly.
The alien planet has been classified as a super-Earth, meaning it's larger than Earth but smaller than gas planets such as Neptune.
It orbits at a distance of 55.8 million miles from the sun, which puts it in its host star's habitable zone - the region where liquid water can exist on a planet's surface.
But it's not just the possibility of water that has astronomers thinking the newfound planet could be habitable.
The dwarf star is likely rotating on its own axis instead of having one face permanently turned toward the sun. The result is an Earth-like day and night cycle.
"The longer orbit of the new planet means that its climate and atmosphere may be just right to support life. Just as Goldilocks liked her porridge to be neither too hot nor too cold but just right, this planet - or indeed any moons that it has - lie in an orbit comparable to Earth, increasing the probability of it being habitable," study co-author Hugh Jones said in a statement.
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EXPLORING THE EXOPLANET
Astronomers previously detected three other super-Earths around the same host star - all of which were in orbits too close to their sun to house water.
But in a new study, a research team reanalyzed observations of the HD 40307 system by using the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher, HARPS.
The tool allows astronomers to pick up tiny gravitational wobbles that an orbiting planet induces in its parent star.
And while the study brought forth a new discovery, astronomers say they're far from knowing all the answers surrounding the exoplanet.
The super-Earth may or may not be a rocky planet like earth, according to lead author Mikko Tuomi.
"If I had to guess, I would say 50-50... but the truth at the moment is that we simply do not know whether the planet is a large Earth or a small, warm Neptune without a solid surface," Tuomi told SPACE.com.
The next step for the team will be to use space-based telescopes to get a more direct look at the exoplanet and examine its composition.
http://rt.com/news/super-earth-habitable-life-272/
The Sun traveling through the Galaxy happens to cross at the present time a blob of gas about ten light-years across, with a temperature of 6-7 thousand degrees kelvin. This so-called Local Interstellar Cloud is immersed in a much larger expanse of a million-degree hot gas, named the Local Bubble. The energetic neutral atoms (ENA) are generated by charge exchange at the interface between the two gaseous media. (Source: SRC/Tentaris,ACh/Maciej Frolow) [A model of the Galaxy] suggests that the boundary between the Local Cloud and the Local Bubble might be not within a few light years from the Sun, as it was believed earlier, but within just a thousand of astronomical units, a thousand-fold closer. This might mean that the Solar System could enter the million-degree Local Bubble cloud as early as the next century. Such clouds are of very low density, much lower than the best vacuum obtained in the Earth labs. Once in, the heliosphere will reform and may shrink a little, the level of cosmic radiation entering the magnetosphere may rise. -- Physics.org: The IBEX Ribbon: Are we in for a new era in the Sun's voyage through the Galaxy? ~ ~ ~ "Ribbon" Changes Over Time By Dave McComas, IBEX Principal Investigator, NASA Last month, we updated everyone on IBEX's exciting observations of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) produced via solar wind collisions with our Earth's magnetosphere. Right on the heels of that, we have even more amazing news: our second set of heliosphere maps is here and they show some more really surprising changes! The ENA "ribbon" that we saw in the first maps is still clearly visible, but now we have seen variations in the ribbon in the six months between the first and second set of maps. This is remarkable, as we had no idea that changes could occur on such a short timescale. Read on for more details or see our just published paper for all the nitty-gritty. Other fantastic studies by the IBEX Science team are underway, so stay tuned for even more amazing discoveries in the coming months! What has IBEX been studying? At the boundary of our Solar System, the interactions between solar wind particles and interstellar medium particles create Energetic Neutral Atoms (ENAs) - particles with no charge that move very fast. Some of the ENAs happen to be traveling in just the right direction so that they move inward through the Solar System toward Earth where IBEX can collect them. In this way, IBEX is a special kind of "telescope." This region emits no light and so information about it cannot be collected by conventional telescopes. Instead, IBEX measures these inward-traveling particles. IBEX provides the only way we currently have of studying the entire edge of our Solar System all at once. The first all-sky maps of ENAs coming from our Solar System's boundary showed something expected and something completely surprising. There are ENAs coming from various parts of the sky, in somewhat similar patterns as the scientists thought they would see prior to IBEX's launch. However, what was unexpected is an arc-shaped region in the sky that is creating a huge amount of ENAs, showing up as a bright, narrow ribbon on the maps. Right now, the science team is trying to figure out what is causing this ribbon and how distant the region is that produces these ENAs. In addition, we are not only seeing ENAs in an unexpected pattern, we are seeing many more ENAs from the ribbon as compared to the rest of the sky. The pattern of ENAs coming from other parts of the sky is essentially "dominated" by the ENA ribbon. There are so many more ribbon ENAs that the ribbon is the main feature seen in the first set of IBEX maps, even though ENAs from other parts of the sky are in that data, too. What has IBEX been doing since the first set of maps was released? While the scientists have been studying data from the first set of Solar System boundary maps, the IBEX spacecraft has been orbiting Earth "> The maps above (left) represent the first six months of ENAs that the IBEX spacecraft collected between December 25, 2008 and June 18, 2009. The maps on the right represent the second six months of ENAs that the IBEX spacecraft collected between June 18, 2009 and December 10, 2009." Credit: SwRI/IBEX Team" Has anything changed between the first ">"knot" of ENAs in the upper left (northern) portion of the ribbon. Below, the map cutout at the top shows the knot region from the first set of maps, and the middle one shows the same region in the second set of maps. Red, orange, and yellow colors indicate regions emitting higher numbers of ENAs; green and blue colors indicate lower numbers of ENAs. "Credit: McComas, et al. (2010), Journal of Geophysical Research " In the second cutout, do you see the much smaller bulge of red and the greater use of yellows and greens in our map? The use of those colors in the map tells us that the knot area emitted fewer ENAs during the time period of the second set of maps. The knot seems to have spread out a bit, as well. The red outline has been added to help you see this area a little more easily. What does this mean? Not only did IBEX see the ribbon, but we have seen it evolve over time. This is very exciting, and the scientists are very surprised! The team thought that we might detect small changes in the numbers of ENAs gradually over many years, but not over the course of only 6 months. "These observations show that the interaction of the Sun with the interstellar medium in our neighborhood of the Milky Way galaxy is far more dynamic and variable than anyone envisioned," says Dave McComas. In the past, space physicists did not have a clear idea of what to expect along the boundary where the Sun's own magnetic bubble, the heliosphere, meets the material flowing between the stars, the interstellar medium. Even though the solar wind travels outward at roughly a million miles per hour, it still takes about a year for the solar wind particles to reach our heliosphere's edge. Also, the zone where solar wind particles and interstellar medium particles interact is believed to be several billion miles thick. Finally, the ENAs that happen to travel toward Earth take another six months to many years to complete the trip, depending on their direction and energy. With ENAs coming from a supposed billion-mile thick region and traveling back toward Earth at different speeds, IBEX mission scientists had expected that any highs and lows in intensity arising from within that zone would be hopelessly smeared out in the spacecraft's all-sky maps. We are elated by the variations and changes seen so far by IBEX. These early results hint that the solar wind and the interstellar medium might be interacting in a thinner layer than many imagined. What's next? Getting more data from IBEX will help the scientists start to narrow down their set of hypotheses about what is creating the ribbon ENAs, how distant this region is, and how thick it is. The scientists have put forth several models, but none of them can fully explain the data that we have collected so far. There may even be a combination of processes occurring, which some of the scientist teams are exploring. Where can I learn more?Go to the Public Data Page for access to research-level data from the IBEX mission. Students can go to this section of NASA's website for more explanations of terminology, and go to the Planetaria section for related downloadable educational materials. Highlights from the paper released by the Journal of Geophysical Research: The evolving outer heliosphere: Large-scale stability and time variations observed by the Interstellar Boundary Explorer: o In this study we compare the second set of sky maps to the first in order to assess the possibility of temporal changes over the six months between views of each portion of the sky.o An interesting feature revealed in the combined maps is the clear extension of the ribbon toward a complete ring compared to what can be seen in the individual sets of sky maps.o While the large-scale structure is generally stable between the two sets of maps, there are some remarkable changes that show that the heliosphere is also evolving over this short timescale.o The overall reduction in the knot emissions are substantial, with roughly one fourth to one third less emission observed over six months.o The overall reduction in flux at both poles is clear and represents a decrease of ~10-15% over six months across the entire energy range from ~0.5-6 keV.o We conclude that departures of differences between the two sky maps of more than ~10% are most likely due to real changes in the outer heliosphere and not modulation of ENAs propagating back through the solar wind.~ ~ ~ The red 3D surface outside the heliopause is where the LISM field is most stressed by draping about the heliopause. Source: Comparison of Interstellar Boundary Explorer Observations with 3D Global Heliospheric Models. Schwadron, et al., Science 326, 959 (2009); published online 15 October 2009 (10.1126/science.1180906). Related: Time Off For Research "Local Fluff" Could Cause TEOTWAWKI Future May Rely on a Ribbon
UFO/E.T Intrude on IS IMMINENT: FIFTY NEW EXOPLANETS Open BY HARPSBeing last three being, we handhold been eternally reporting that we are goodbye losing "UFO and extraterrestrial alien life" constant disclosure, while lineage get informed in stepwise method the incredibly way, we saw in Mortal way-finding system.Earlier this rendezvous we had informed, NASA Kepler fall finds 52 alien planets in habitable DistrictNow in latest nurturing, astronomers through ESO's world-leading exoplanet hunter HARPS handhold today announced a overloaded depict of superfluous than 50 new exoplanets, amid 16 super-Earths, one of which orbits at the simplicity of the habitable zone of its star. By studying the properties of all the HARPS planets found so far, the get down has found that about 40% of stars well-matched to the Sun handhold at least amount one planet lighter than Saturn.The have a disagreement are being vacant on 12 September 2011 at the conference on Entire Astrophysical Systems said at the Commanding Teton Interior Scenery, Wyoming, USA. FirmnessAdditional Parallel Tidings ARTICLES:[May, 2008] A person has been normally cleaning the Mars rolling stone Opportunity's ![June, 2008] Mars Polluted Fit for Self, Tests Substantiation[November, 2008] NASA confirmed water on Mars & walk of extra-terrestrial life too[Honored, 2008] Ashen Dwelling is Briefed to Demonstration "Pledge For Self" on Mars[December, 2008] Odd Laser Road sign Gliese Yet to come From A Fit for human habitation Globe, Star Group[December 3, 2008] NASA Confirms Extraterritorial Are In the midst of US[April, 2009] Scientists perceive Odd Orb would like planet and it may be habitable![Presentation, 2009] NASA Launches Planet-Hunting Rocket ship[June, 2009] Scientist claims ultimate evidence of shorelines on Mars[July, 2009] Robert Dean, Mars handhold Interplanetary Mortal [October, 2009] HD 189733b Self Ingredients Open On Extrasolar Gas Life-size[February, 2010] Elapsed Business leader Dwight D. Eisenhower great-granddaughter has disallowed her attempted employment dressed in a secret Mars dependence project[February, 2010] USA in advance went to Mars : NASA astronaut Genetic material Cernan[Honored, 2010] NASA To Demonstration Big Tidings Re Fresh Product By Globe Hunting Rocket ship[Honored, 2010] Five Orb Equal Globe Edge Gyratory Odd Sun HD 10180[Honored, 2010] NASA - Kepler Rocket ship Edge Two New Orb Extent Globe[September, 2010] NASA - Fit for human habitation Globe GLIESE 581 G Might Be the owner of Extraterritorial Self[February 3, 2011] NASA - Kepler Fall back Finds Substitute 52 Odd Planets In Fit for human habitation District[February 15, 2011] A lot of Odd Type Visiting Our Globe Says, NASA Astronaut[May, 2010] U.S. Awareness Agencies Capturing Extraterrestrial beings years In the midst of Us[June 6, 2010] NASA Scientists Odd Self Exists on Saturn Moon Titan [June 13, 2010] DIA External Addressees 'saw' Extraterrestrial on Saturn moon Titan : CIA Amount[July, 2010] As Cigar shape Rocket ship now Saturn Charms Got Life-size Propellers[February, 2011] NASA Kepler Fall back Finds Substitute 52 Odd Planets In Fit for human habitation District
FEBRUARY 07, 2013 - SPACE - Billions of Earth-like alien planets likely reside in our Milky Way galaxy, and the nearest such world may be just a stone's throw away in the cosmic scheme of things, a new study reports. Astronomers have calculated that 6 percent of the galaxy's 75 billion or so red dwarfs - stars smaller and dimmer than the Earth's own sun - probably host habitable, roughly Earth-size planets. That works out to at least 4.5 billion such "alien Earths," the closest of which might be found a mere dozen light-years away, researchers said. "We thought we would have to search vast distances to find an Earth-like planet," study lead author Courtney Dressing, of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), said in a statement. "Now we realize another Earth is probably in our own backyard, waiting to be spotted."
When it's young, a red dwarf star frequently erupts with strong ultraviolet flares as shown in this artist's conception. Some have argued that life would be impossible on any planet orbiting in the star's habitable zone as a result. However, the planet's atmosphere could protect the surface, and in fact such stresses could help life to evolve. And when the star ages and settles down, its planet would enjoy billions of years of quiet, steady radiance.
KEPLER'S KEEN EYE
Dressing and her team analyzed data gathered by NASA's prolific Kepler space telescope, which is staring continuously at more than 150,000 target stars. Kepler spots alien planets by flagging the tiny brightness dips caused when the planets transit, or cross the face of, their stars from the instrument's perspective. [Gallery: A World of Kepler Planets] Kepler has detected 2,740 exoplanet candidates since its March 2009 launch. Follow-up observations have confirmed only 105 of these possibilities to date, but mission scientists estimate that more than 90 percent will end up being the real deal. In the new study, Dressing and her colleagues re-analyzed the red dwarfs in Kepler's field of view and found that nearly all are smaller and cooler than previously thought.
An artist's impression shows a planetary system around a red dwarf star. ESO.
This new information bears strongly on the search for Earth-like alien planets, since roughly 75 percent of the galaxy's 100 billion or so stars are red dwarfs. Further, scientists determine the sizes of transiting exoplanets by comparison to their parent stars, based on how much of the stars' disks the planets blot out when transitting. So a reduction in a star's calculated size brings a planet's size down, too - in some cases, perhaps into the realm of rocky worlds with a solid, potentially life-supporting surface. And the size and location of a star's "habitable zone," the range of distances that could support the existence of liquid water on a planet's surface, are strongly tied to stellar brightness and temperature.
RE-ANALZYING THE DATA
The researchers determined that 95 Kepler exoplanet candidates orbit red dwarfs. Using this information and their newly calculated stellar (and planetary) profiles, the team calculated that about 60 percent of red dwarfs likely host worlds smaller than Neptune. Dressing and her colleagues then determined that Kepler has spotted three roughly Earth-size exoplanet candidates in the habitable zones of their parent red dwarfs. One of these worlds is Kepler Object of Interest (KOI) 1422.02. This candidate's newly calculated size is 90 percent that of Earth, and it circles its star every 20 days. If the planet (and these characteristics) are confirmed, KOI 1422.02 may be the first "alien Earth" ever discovered. The other two candidates are KOI 2626.01, another potential Earth twin that's 1.4 times bigger than Earth and has a 38-day orbit; and KOI 854.01, a world 1.7 times the size of Earth with a 56-day orbit. All three candidates are located between 300 and 600 light-years from Earth and circle stars with surface temperatures between 5,700 and 5,900 degrees Fahrenheit (3,150 and 3,260 degrees Celsius), researchers said. (For comparison, the Earth's sun has a surface temperature of about 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit, or 5,540 degrees Celsius.)
Just next door to our nearest red dwarf star, Proxima Centauri,
is a star known to host an exoplanet.
BILLIONS OF EARTH-LIKE PLANETS
The team further determined that about 6 percent of the Milky Way's red dwarfs should harbor roughly Earth-size planets in their habitable zones, meaning that at least 4.5 billion such worlds may be scattered throughout our galaxy. "We now know the rate of occurrence of habitable planets around the most common stars in our galaxy," co-author David Charbonneau, also of CfA, said in a statement. "That rate implies that it will be significantly easier to search for life beyond the solar system than we previously thought." [9 Exoplanets That Could Host Alien Life]
That search may bear fruit right in Earth's backyard, researchers said. "According to our analysis, the closest Earth-like planet is likely within 13 light-years, which is right next door in terms of astronomical distances," Dressing told SPACE.com via email. "The knowledge that another an Earth-like planet might be so close is incredibly exciting and bodes well for the next generation of missions designed to detect nearby Earth-like planets," she added. "Once we find nearby Earth-like planets, astronomers are eager to study them in detail with the James Webb Space Telescope and proposed extremely large ground-based telescopes like the Giant Magellan Telescope." Red dwarfs are also longer-lived than stars like the sun, suggesting that some planets in red dwarf habitable zones may harbor life that's been around a lot longer than that on Earth, which first took root about 3.8 billion years ago. "We might find an Earth that's 10 billion years old," Charbonneau said. The nearest red dwarf is Proxima Centauri, part of the three-star Alpha Centauri system that's just 4.3 light-years or so from Earth. Late last year, astronomers announced the discovery of an Earth-size planet orbiting the system's Alpha Centauri B, but it's far too hot to host life as we know it.
Scientists have also detected five planetary candidates circling the star Tau Ceti, which lies 11.9 light-years away. Two of these potential planets may reside in the habitable zone, but they are at least 4.3 and 6.6 times as massive as Earth, scientists say. The new study will be published in The Astrophysical Journal. - HUFFINGTON POST.
A University of Iowa undergraduate student has discovered that a process occurring in Saturn's magnetosphere is linked to the planet's seasons and changes with them, a finding that helps clarify the length of a Saturn day and could alter our understanding of Earth's magnetosphere.
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A University of Iowa undergraduate student has discovered that a process occurring in Saturn's magnetosphere is linked to the planet's seasons and changes with them, a finding that helps clarify the length of a Saturn day and could alter our understanding of Earth's magnetosphere [Credit: NASA]"
Saturn's magnetosphere is the third largest structure in the solar system, eclipsed only by the magnetic fields of the sun and Jupiter. Unlike Earth, which has a visible rocky surface and rotates once every 24 hours, Saturn is composed mostly of clouds and liquid gas layers, each rotating about the planet at its own rate of speed. This variation in rotation made it difficult for scientists to pin down time for the planet.
Decades ago, a strong and naturally occurring radio signal, called Saturn kilometric radiation (SKR), was believed to give an accurate measurement of a Saturn day. But data gathered by an ESA/NASA spacecraft proved otherwise.
Now, using data from NASA's Cassini spacecraft, which entered orbit around Saturn in 2004, UI space physicist Donald Gurnett and other scientists showed that the north and south poles have their own SKR "days" that vary over periods of weeks and years. How these different periods arise and are driven through the magnetosphere has become a central question of the Cassini mission, according to NASA officials.
The discovery by Tim Kennelly, a UI junior majoring in physics and astronomy, is one of the first direct observations of seasonal changes in Saturn's magnetosphere. In addition, the finding carries over to all planets having a magnetosphere, including Earth.
"I'm pleased to have contributed to our understanding of Saturn's magnetosphere so early in my career," says Kennelly, the lead author of the paper published online in the American Geophysical Union's (AGU) Journal of Geophysical Research. "I hope this trend continues."
Scientists have known for some time that Saturn's magnetospheric processes are linked together, from the activity generating the SKR emission relatively near the planet to the periodic signatures in Saturn's magnetosphere stretching millions of miles downstream in the planet's magnetotail. But they didn't know how they were linked.
Kennelly analyzed phenomena recorded between July 2004 and December 2011 by Cassini's UI-built Radio and Plasma Wave Science (RPWS) instrument and came to some novel conclusions about how the events are linked. First, he looked at inward-moving "flux tubes" composed of hot, electrically charged gas, called plasma. Focusing on the tubes when they initially formed and before they had a chance to dissipate under the influence of the magnetosphere, he found that the occurrence of the tubes correlates with activity in the northern and southern hemisphere depending upon the season.
Kennelly found that during winter in the northern hemisphere, the occurrence of flux tubes correlates with SKR period originating in the northern hemisphere. A similar flux tube and SKR correlation was noted for the southern hemisphere during southern winter. The events are strongly ordered, he says, and follow Saturn's seasonal changes.
This finding may alter how scientists look at Earth's magnetosphere and the Van Allen radiation belts that affect a variety of activities at Earth ranging from space flight safety to satellite and cell phone communications.
Commenting on his research experience, Kennelly says, "I'm really happy with the support I've received from Don Gurnett's group. They let me do a lot of the research on my own. I'm really appreciative." He adds that he will begin applying to graduate schools next semester and plans to earn his doctorate in plasma physics.
In addition to Kennelly, UI researchers include UI postdoctoral scholar Jared Leisner, associate research scientist George Hospodarsky and Donald Gurnett, head of the RPWS instrument investigation and the James A. Van Allen/Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver Professor of Physics and Astronomy.
"Author: Gary Galluzzo Source: University of Iowa [May 03, 2013]"
THE Fast WINDS OF VENUS ARE Getting RatherGroundwork teams studying cloud totter be full of found "an gigantic sharpen" in the in the past high compose speeds in the venusian tone that they can't admiringly illuminate. By ESA, Noordwijk, Netherlands - Published: June 19, 2013"The Venus Monitoring Camera on the Venus Limited captured this false-color image of cloud natural history seen on Venus. The image was captured from a distance of 18,641 miles (30,000 kilometers) in 2011. // ESA/MPS/DLR/IDA"The most total plan of cloud totter in the tone of Venus chronicled by the European Opportunity Agency's (ESA) Venus Limited has exposed that the planet's winds be full of quick been realization nearer over the last six lifetime.Venus is prominent for its odd super-rotating tone, which whips in this area the planet as soon as all four Earth years. This is in formidable adjust to the outing of the planet itself - the reel of the day - which takes a moderately persistent 243 Earth years.By tracking the aerobics of special cloud natural history in the cloud tops slightly 43.5 miles (70 kilometers) trimming the planet's handle over a alter of 10 venusian lifetime (six Earth lifetime), scientists be full of been able to state patterns in the long-term earthly compose speeds.For instance the Venus Limited spacecraft now at the planet in 2006, model cloud-top compose speeds in the midst of latitudes 50^0 on either side of the equator were clocked at practically 186 mph (300 km/h). The have a fight of two disperse studies be full of exposed that these in the past specially suddenly winds are becoming constant nearer, increasing to 249 mph (400 km/h) over the course of the career."This is an gigantic sharpen in the in the past high compose speeds known in the tone. Such a large cash has never beforehand been observed on Venus, and we do not yet recognize the value of why this occurred," understood Igor Khatuntsev from the Opportunity Groundwork Establish in Moscow. Khatuntsev's connect gritty the compose speeds by measuring how cloud natural history in images stirred in the midst of frames. They thoroughly tracked above than 45,000 natural history by hand and atypical 350,000 natural history unthinkingly by stopping at a computer program.In a complementary surveillance, a Japanese-led connect used their own programmed cloud-tracking road to seize the cloud motions. On top of this long-term sharpen in the model compose speed, bar, whichever studies above and beyond be full of exposed average variations together to the domestic time of day and the alongside of the Sun trimming the horizon, and to the outing alter of Venus.One average oscillation occurs practically all 4.8 years practical the equator, and scientists estimate it's connected to atmospheric side at tidy altitudes.But the research above and beyond unveiled slightly harder-to-explain curiosities."Our dissection of cloud motions at low latitudes in the southern hemisphere showed that over the six lifetime of surveillance, the movement of the winds unusual by up to 70 km/h [about 40 mph] over a time array of 255 Earth years - in the least longer than a year on Venus," understood Toru Kouyama of the Main Apparatus Groundwork Establish in Ibaraki, Japan.The two teams above and beyond saw swift variations in the model compose speeds in the midst of sequential orbits of Venus Limited in this area the planet.In slightly cases, compose speeds at low latitudes diverse such that clouds put the last touches on one expedition in this area the planet in 3.9 years, still on other occasions they took 5.3 years.Scientists at present be full of no explanation for either of these variations or for the long-term accomplish sharpen in compose speeds."Even as stage is clear evidence that the model earthly compose speeds be full of greater than before, momentum investigations are required in elegance to illuminate what drives the atmospheric edition patterns that are full-grown, and to illuminate the changes seen in localized areas on shorter timescales," understood Hakan Svedhem, ESA's Venus Limited project scientist. "The atmospheric super-rotation of Venus is one of the eager inexplicable mysteries of the solar system. These have a fight add above mystery to it, as Venus Limited continues to establish us also its ongoing remarks of this functioning, disturbed planet."Lucky
ASTRONOMERS HAVE DETERMINED THAT AN ALIEN PLANET IS BLUE LIKE EARTH
NASA's Hubble Space Telescope measured the actual visible-light color of a deep blue planet, illustrated here orbiting a yellow-orange star.Illustration courtesy G. Bacon, STScI/ESA/NASA
Ker Than for National Geographic
A GIANT GASEOUS PLANET THAT'S ORBITING A STAR 63 LIGHT-YEARS AWAY IS A DEEP COBALT BLUE THAT'S REMINISCENT OF EARTH'S COLOR AS SEEN FROM SPACE, SCIENTISTS SAY, MARKING THE FIRST TIME AN EXOPLANET'S TRUE COLOR HAS BEEN DETERMINED.Astronomers deduced the color of the Jupiter-like world, HD 189733b, with the help of NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, which measured light from the planet before, during, and after it passed behind its parent star.Hubble measured a small dip in brightness-about one part in 10,000-and a slight color change in the combined light from the system when HD 189733b slid out of view behind the star. (Related: "An Explosion in the Number of Potentially Habitable Worlds?")"We saw the light becoming less bright in the blue, but not in the green or the red," study co-author Frederic Pont, an astronomer at the University of Exeter in the U.K., said in a statement."This means that the object that disappeared is blue because light was missing in the blue, but not in the red when it was hidden."SO WHAT'S NEW?The finding, to be detailed in an upcoming issue of the journal "Astrophysical Journal Letters", is the best evidence yet that the atmosphere of HD 189733b contains "clouds"-although ones very different from those found on Earth."We suspected that [this planet] had clouds of silicate particles, and the easiest way to detect clouds is through scattered light," Pont said in an interview Thursday. (Related: "Life on Exoplanets? Think About Habitat Variety.")The blue color of HD 189733b is consistent with the hypothesis that very small drops of silicates in the planet's atmosphere are scattering more blue light than red light.WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?The observations yield new insights into the chemical composition and cloud structure of HD 189733b and perhaps other so-called "hot Jupiter" exoplanets.Hot Jupiters are giant gas planets that orbit precariously close-closer even than Mercury is to our sun-to their parent stars and, as a result, get very hot.Their close proximity to their stars also means they are gravitationally "tidally locked" so that one side is always illuminated by the star and the other side is always dark.The confirmation of clouds on HD 189733b could provide clues about the planetary atmospheres of hot Jupiters, scientists say."We obviously don't know much on the physics and climatology of silicate clouds, so we are exploring a new domain of atmospheric physics," Pont said in a statement.WHAT DOES THIS MEAN?HD 189733b might have a color close to that of Earth, but that's where the similarities end.On this turbulent alien world, the daytime temperature is nearly 2,000^0F (1,093^0C), and it possibly rains glass - sideways - in howling, 4,500-mph (7,242-kph) winds.WHAT'S NEXT?Pont and his team are already investigating the colors of other exoplanets to determine whether cobalt blue might be a common color among hot Jupiter planets."We have nine other hot Jupiters that we've been observing with Hubble to answer this question," Pont said.The team's preliminary data suggest that the colors of hot Jupiters are actually quite diverse.That's not surprising, if one considers the planets in our own solar system, Pont said."If you look at the solar system's planets, it's really striking how different they are from each other... Planets tend to be very individualized."
Source
Welcome! "Alien Life" tracks the latest discoveries and thoughts in the various elements of the famous Drake Equation. You may notice that this and future entries are shorter than usual; Career, family and book deal commitments have forced me to cut back some of my projects. Now, here's today's news:g STARS - Red dwarfs are smaller and cooler than our own Sun, but they account for 70% of the stars in our galaxy. Astronomers have wondered why there are so many red dwarfs, but they never seem to have protoplanetary discs of dust surrounding them, indicating the formation of new planets. These stars are too small to remove dust the way larger stars do it, but astronomers from UCLA think they could be using a process called "stellar wind drag". Even though they're smaller, red dwarfs can have very intense magnetic fields, producing a powerful solar wind. It's this solar wind that removes the dust, hiding evidence of planet formation. See article. Note: This story is from early 2005.g ABODES - Layered terrains on Mars discovered by NASA's Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft bear a striking resemblance to sedimentary deposits here on Earth that form under water. Liquid water is scarce on Mars nowadays, but it might have been common four billion years ago. If these Martian layers turn out to have a watery origin, as some scientists suspect, they could hold the key to the mysterious history of water (and maybe even life) on the Red Planet. See http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2001/ast23jan 1.htm. Note: This article is from 2001.g COSMICUS - Space enthusiasts interested in tagging along on a 520-day roundtrip journey to Mars-a simulated one, that is-should apply now. See article.g IMAGINING - Quote of the Day: "If you look at the diversity of what species look like on this planet, nature has come up with better things than our best science fiction," - J. Craig VenterGet your SF book manuscript edited
